RECRUITINGEarly Phase 1INTERVENTIONAL

Toward a Computationally-Informed, Personalized Treatment for Hallucinations

About This Trial

Auditory hallucinations are among the most distressing aspects of psychotic illness, and between 10 and 30% of people with hallucinations do not respond to antipsychotic medications. The authors have used computational modeling of behavior to link brain activity to development of auditory hallucinations in the hope of guiding new treatment development. The proposed studies take the first step toward individualized treatment approaches to hallucinations by attempting causal, pharmacological manipulation of relevant model parameters underlying these phenomena.

Who May Be Eligible (Plain English)

Who May Qualify: - Age 18-65 - English speaking - Right handedness - Diagnosed with schizophrenia schizoaffective, schizophreniform, schizotypal, or brief psychotic disorder - History of auditory verbal hallucinations occurring at least weekly Who Should NOT Join This Trial: - Current substance dependence or active use as determined by drug test. - Any neurological, medical or developmental problem that is known to impair cognition significantly - Contraindications for MR scanning including metallic implants of any kind, pacemakers and history of accidents with metal, claustrophobia - History of seizures - History of violence - History of suicide - Pregnancy (determined by urine pregnancy test) - Concurrent participation in any other intervention study - History of urinary retention - History of delirium - Current use of any cholinergic or anticholinergic medication - History of asthma, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease - Evidence of cardiovascular disease on EKG - Individuals who have been on dopamine-2 antagonists for less than 6 months (to limit risk of EPS) Always talk to your doctor about whether this trial is right for you.

Original Eligibility Criteria

View original clinical language

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18-65 * English speaking * Right handedness * Diagnosed with schizophrenia schizoaffective, schizophreniform, schizotypal, or brief psychotic disorder * History of auditory verbal hallucinations occurring at least weekly Exclusion Criteria: * Current substance dependence or active use as determined by drug test. * Any neurological, medical or developmental problem that is known to impair cognition significantly * Contraindications for MR scanning including metallic implants of any kind, pacemakers and history of accidents with metal, claustrophobia * History of seizures * History of violence * History of suicide * Pregnancy (determined by urine pregnancy test) * Concurrent participation in any other intervention study * History of urinary retention * History of delirium * Current use of any cholinergic or anticholinergic medication * History of asthma, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease * Evidence of cardiovascular disease on EKG * Individuals who have been on dopamine-2 antagonists for less than 6 months (to limit risk of EPS)

Treatments Being Tested

DRUG

Rivastigmine Transdermal System

Rivastigmine doses will be administered transdermally using 9.5 mg/24 hr transdermal patches. Participants will be randomized to two treatments with oral rivastigmine vs. placebo separated by a 15-hour washout period (\>5 half-lives to eliminate any residual effects). This will require three separate visits: a baseline visit, a visit for the first transdermal treatment and a visit for the second transdermal treatment. All visits include fMRI scans. The first transdermal patch will be administered 8-14 hours before the scan. After the washout period, the second transdermal patch will be administered 8-14 hours before the scan. No study team member except for the unblinded team member will know which capsule the participant receives first. Because we are interested in rivastigmine as a probe for a pre-identified computational/physiological abnormality, we will median-split groups post-hoc for the purposes of analysis.

DRUG

Scopolamine

The authors have chosen to use scopolamine to determine the effects of cholinergic antagonism, as treatment with scopolamine demonstrates a dose-related increase in propensity toward conditioned hallucinations and in doses much higher than those proposed here, can cause spontaneous hallucinations. At the proposed dose, scopolamine has an excellent safety profile and has been used routinely for nearly 20 years for treatment of nausea due to surgery or motion sickness in adults and children. Scopolamine is available in the US only as a 1mg / 72 hours transdermal patch, and peak plasma levels are reached within 24 hours. This standard dosage level is very well tolerated in the general population.

DRUG

Placebo Patch

Participants in Aim 2 will receive a placebo patch versus rivastigmine patch.

DRUG

Placebo Patch

Participants in Aim 1 will receive a placebo patch versus scopolamine patch.

Locations (1)

Connecticut Mental Health Center

New Haven, Connecticut, United States