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Updated May 2026 · ClinicalTrials.gov

RECRUITINGPhase 2INTERVENTIONAL

The Role of Anifrolumab in Improving Markers of Vascular Risk in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - IFN-CVD

The Role of Anifrolumab in Improving Markers of Vascular Risk in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

The Role of Anifrolumab in Improving Markers of Vascular Risk in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - IFN-CVD (NCT05440422) is a Phase 2 interventional studying Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Cardiovascular Disease, sponsored by National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). RECRUITING as of the most recent ClinicalTrials.gov update. Talk to your doctor before contacting the trial site.

Important: This information is not medical advice. Talk to your doctor about whether a clinical trial is right for you.

About This Trial

Background: People with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at risk of developing complications in their blood vessels. This can increase the risk of heart attacks or stroke. No medications have been effective at reducing this risk in people with lupus. Objective: To test whether a drug (anifrolumab) can improve blood vessel function and reduce blood vessel inflammation in people with SLE. Eligibility: People aged 18 to 80 years with SLE. Design: Participants will undergo screening. They will have a physical exam. They will have blood and urine tests. They will have a test of their heart function and a chest X-ray. They will answer questions about their SLE symptoms. Participants will visit the clinic 9 times in 8 months. After screening, visits will be 4 weeks apart. Each visit may take up to 4 hours. Participants will receive infusions from a tube attached to a needle inserted into a vein in the arm (IV). Some will receive anifrolumab. Others will receive a placebo treatment. They will not know which one they are getting. At some visits they will have additional tests: CAVI (cardio-ankle vascular index) tests blood vessel function. Participants will lie still for 20 minutes. Small electrodes will be placed on both wrists with stickers. A microphone will be placed on their chest. Blood pressure cuffs will be wrapped around their ankles and arms. FDG-PET/CT is an imaging procedure. Participants will receive a substance through an IV line. They will lie on a table for 110 minutes while a machine captures images of their body.

What Stage of Research Is This?

Phase 2 trials evaluate whether a treatment actually works against Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and continue monitoring side effects. Phase 2 enrolls larger groups (typically 100–300 patients) and produces the first real efficacy signal. A successful Phase 2 readout is what unlocks the much larger Phase 3 confirmatory trials needed for FDA approval.

This trial is currently recruiting participants. The sponsor has registered the study with ClinicalTrials.gov as actively enrolling, which means new applicants who meet the eligibility criteria can be considered for screening. Trial status can change between updates — confirm current recruiting status with the study contact before traveling for a screening visit.

With a target enrollment of 45 participants, this is a small study — typical of early-phase research, rare-disease trials, or pilot studies designed to generate preliminary signal before a larger study is launched.

Who May Be Eligible (Plain English)

* Who May Qualify: In order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria: 1. Provision of signed and dated willing to sign a consent form form 2. Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study 3. Male or female, aged 18-80 years 4. In good general health as evidenced by medical history or diagnosed with SLE diagnosed per American College of Rheumatology 1997 revised SLE classification criteria. 5. Prednisone \< or equal to 10 mg/day for at least 2 weeks before screening and maintained throughout randomization (day 1) 6. Stable standard of care lupus therapies for at least 4 weeks before screening and maintained through randomization (day 1) 7. Abnormal cardio-ankle vascular index(CAVI) at screening OR up to 90 days prior to the screening visit (based on 2 SD above median of healthy controls based on historical data from our own patient cohorts 8. Stable medications for diabetes, hypertension and/or statins for at least the previous 3 months. No changes of these medications or immunosuppressive drugs will be allowed during trial. 9. For females and males of reproductive potential: use of highly effective contraception from screening and agreement to use such a method during study participation and for an additional 16 weeks after the end of study medication administration. For the purpose of this study abstinence will be considered as an effective form of contraception. 10. Subjects must confirm receipt of prior vaccination against COVID-19 and Varicella Zoster. Verbal confirmation of vaccination receipt AND detectable antibodies in serum is acceptable in the absence of vaccine records. Who Should NOT Join This Trial: An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study: ...See full criteria on ClinicalTrials.gov Always talk to your doctor about whether this trial is right for you.

These are translations of the protocol\'s inclusion and exclusion criteria, simplified for patients and caregivers. The original clinical text appears below. Eligibility is ultimately confirmed by the trial site\'s screening process — this summary is a starting point for a conversation with your doctor, not a final determination.

Original Eligibility Criteria

View original clinical language
* INCLUSION CRITERIA: In order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria: 1. Provision of signed and dated informed consent form 2. Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study 3. Male or female, aged 18-80 years 4. In good general health as evidenced by medical history or diagnosed with SLE diagnosed per American College of Rheumatology 1997 revised SLE classification criteria. 5. Prednisone \< or equal to 10 mg/day for at least 2 weeks before screening and maintained throughout randomization (day 1) 6. Stable standard of care lupus therapies for at least 4 weeks before screening and maintained through randomization (day 1) 7. Abnormal cardio-ankle vascular index(CAVI) at screening OR up to 90 days prior to the screening visit (based on 2 SD above median of healthy controls based on historical data from our own patient cohorts 8. Stable medications for diabetes, hypertension and/or statins for at least the previous 3 months. No changes of these medications or immunosuppressive drugs will be allowed during trial. 9. For females and males of reproductive potential: use of highly effective contraception from screening and agreement to use such a method during study participation and for an additional 16 weeks after the end of study medication administration. For the purpose of this study abstinence will be considered as an effective form of contraception. 10. Subjects must confirm receipt of prior vaccination against COVID-19 and Varicella Zoster. Verbal confirmation of vaccination receipt AND detectable antibodies in serum is acceptable in the absence of vaccine records. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study: * Any condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would interfere with evaluation of the investigational product or interpretation of subject safety or study results. * Concurrent enrolment in another clinical study with an investigational product * Major surgery within 8 weeks before signing the ICF or elective major surgery planned during the study period. * Any of the following found at Screening: * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \>2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN). * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \>2.0 x ULN. * Total bilirubin \>ULN (unless due to Gilbert's syndrome) * Serum creatinine \>2.5 mg/dL (or \>181 micromol/L) * Urine protein/creatinine ratio \>2.0 mg/mg (or \>226.30 mg/mmol) * Neutrophil count \<1000/microL (or \<1.0 x 109/L) * Platelet count \<25000/microL (or \<25 x 109/L) * Hemoglobin \<8 g/dL (or \<80 g/L), or \<7 g/dL (or \<70 g/L) if related to subject's SLE such as in active hemolytic anemia * Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) \>8% (or \>0.08) at screening (diabetic subjects only) * Positive SARS/Flu A/B/RSV (Panther), PCR Note: Abnormal screening test(s) which exclude the patient may be repeated once within 4 weeks of the Screening Visit. If the repeat test(s) does not meet the above criteria, then the patient may be included in the study and will not be considered a screen failure. * Receipt of any of the following: 1. Azathioprine \>200 mg/day 2. Mycophenolate mofetil \> 3 g/day or mycophenolic acid \>2.16 g/day 3. Oral, SC, or intramuscular methotrexate \>25 mg/week 4. Mizoribine \>150 mg/day. Leflunomide more than 20 mg and any other immunosuppressant usage at the discretion of the PI. * Receipt of any investigational product (small molecule or biologic agent) within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives prior to week 0 (day 1), whichever is greater. * Receipt of any commercially available biologic agent within 5 half-lives prior to signing of the ICF * Receipt of B cell depleting therapy (including but not limited to belimumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, atacicept, Obinutuzumab, or rituximab), \<26 weeks prior to the signing of the consent for all B-cell depleting therapy or \<40 weeks prior to the signing of the ICF for atacicept. * Receipt of any of the following: (a) Intra-articular, intramuscular or IV corticosteroids within 4 weeks prior to Day 1 (b) Any live or attenuated vaccine within 8 weeks prior to signing the ICF (administration of killed vaccines is acceptable) * History or evidence of suicidal ideation within the past 6 months; or any suicidal behavior within the past 12 months based on screening or at baseline. * Recent cardiac or stroke event (with in the last year prior to week 0 (day 1)) * Active SLE disease with SLEDAI 2K \>6 at the time of screening. * Active severe or unstable neuropsychiatric SLE including, but not limited to: aseptic meningitis; cerebral vasculitis; myelopathy; demyelination syndromes (ascending, transverse, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy); acute confusional state; impaired level of consciousness; psychosis; acute stroke or stroke syndrome; cranial neuropathy; status epilepticus; cerebellar ataxia; and mononeuritis multiplex: 1. That would make the subject unable to fully understand the ICF OR 2. Where, in the opinion of the Principal Investigator (PI), protocol specified SOC is insufficient and utilization of a more aggressive therapeutic approach, such as adding IV cyclophosphamide and/or high dose IV pulse corticosteroid therapy or other treatments not permitted in the protocol, is indicated * Active severe SLE-driven renal disease where, in the opinion of the PI, protocol specified standard of care (SOC) is insufficient and utilization of a more aggressive therapeutic approach, such as adding IV cyclophosphamide and/or high dose IV pulse corticosteroid therapy or other treatments not permitted in the protocol, is indicated. * History of or current diagnosis of catastrophic or severe anti-phospholipid syndrome within 1 year prior to signing the ICF. Antiphospholipid syndrome adequately controlled by anticoagulant therapy for at least 3 months is acceptable. * Known history of a primary immunodeficiency, splenectomy, or any underlying condition that predisposes the subject to infection, or a positive result for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection confirmed by central laboratory at screening. Subjects refusing HIV testing during the screening period will not be eligible for study participation. * Confirmed positive test for hepatitis B serology for: 1. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), OR 2. Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) 3. If positive for HBcAb, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA will be checked. If HBV DNA is detected above the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) at screening subject will be excluded Note: Subjects who are only HBcAb positive at screening will be tested every month for HBV DNA. To remain eligible for the study, the subject s HBV DNA levels must remain below the LLOQ as per the central laboratory. * Positive test for hepatitis C antibody along with detectable Hepatitis C viral RNA. * Any severe herpes infection at any time prior to Week 0 (Day 1), including, but not limited to, disseminated herpes (ever), herpes encephalitis (ever), recurrent herpes zoster (defined as 2 episodes within 2 years) or ophthalmic herpes (ever) * Any herpes zoster, cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus infection that has not completely resolved within 12 weeks prior to signing the ICF. * Any of the following: 1. Clinically significant chronic infection (i.e., osteomyelitis, bronchiectasis, etc.) within 8 weeks prior to week 0 (day1) (chronic nail infections are allowed) 2. Any infection requiring hospitalization or treatment with IV antibiotics not completed at least 4 weeks prior to week 0 (day1) * Any infection requiring oral antimicrobials (including antivirals) within 2 weeks prior to Day 1, except if taking antivirals/antimicrobials prophylactically. * History of cancer, apart from: 1. Squamous or basal cell carcinoma of the skin treated with documented success of curative therapy \>=3 months prior to Week 0 (Day 1) 2. Cervical cancer in situ treated with apparent success with curative therapy \>=1 year prior to Week 0 (Day 1). * Pregnancy or lactation or intend to become pregnant anytime from initiation of Screening until completion of study. * Spontaneous or induced abortion, still or live birth, or pregnancy \<= 4 weeks prior to week 0 (day1) * Known allergic reactions to any component of the investigational product formulation or history of anaphylaxis to any human gamma globulin therapy. * Tested positive for COVID-19 infection on the day of screening or up to 21 days prior to screening.

Treatments Being Tested

DRUG

anifrolumab

This is a double blind placebo-controlled study to characterize whether blocking type I IFN receptor signaling with anifrolumab will lead to improvements in vascular function, decreases in vascular inflammation and modulation of biomarkers of vascular risk in patients with SLE.

OTHER

Placebo

non-active substance comprised of 25 mM histidine/histidine-HCl, 50 mM lysine-HCl, 130 mM trehalose, and 0.05% (w/v) polysorbate 80, with a pH of 5.9.

Locations (1)

Trial sites listed on ClinicalTrials.gov for this study. Site activation status can vary — confirm with the specific site before traveling for a screening visit.

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
Bethesda, Maryland, United States

How to Talk to Your Doctor About This Trial

Bring the printable summary of this trial — including the NCT ID (NCT05440422), the sponsor (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)), and the key eligibility criteria — to your next appointment. Your doctor can review the inclusion and exclusion criteria against your medical history, lab values, and current treatments to assess whether you are likely to qualify. They can also help you weigh whether trial participation makes sense alongside your existing care plan.

Useful questions to walk through together: What does the trial protocol require beyond standard care? How long is the active treatment phase, and how long is follow-up? Are there study visits at sites I can reach? Who pays for the trial-specific procedures, and who pays for standard-of-care portions? See our 25 questions to ask about clinical trials guide for a more complete checklist.

Authoritative Sources

The official record for this trial lives on ClinicalTrials.gov — the federal registry maintained by the National Library of Medicine at NIH. For background on how this trial fits into the FDA approval pathway, see the FDA drug approval process. For oncology-specific guidance for patients considering trials, the National Cancer Institute publishes patient-oriented overviews. International trial registries are aggregated by the WHO ICTRP.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the NCT05440422 clinical trial studying?

Background: People with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at risk of developing complications in their blood vessels. This can increase the risk of heart attacks or stroke. No medications have been effective at reducing this risk in people with lupus. Objective: To test whether a drug (anifrolumab) can improve blood vessel function and reduce blood vessel inflammation in people with SLE. Eligibility: People aged 18 to 80 years with SLE. Design: Participants will undergo screening. They will have a physical exam. They will have blood and urine tests. They will have a test of their h… The full protocol is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov and includes the primary outcome measures, eligibility criteria, and study endpoints.

Who can participate in NCT05440422?

Eligibility for this trial depends on the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria set by the sponsor. The plain-English summary above translates the most important criteria into accessible language; the official clinical text is preserved in the collapsible section underneath. Whether you fit any specific trial is a medical decision your doctor needs to confirm — bring the trial information to your treating physician for a full review against your medical history.

How do I contact the trial site for NCT05440422?

Contact information registered with ClinicalTrials.gov is shown in the sidebar of this page. Before reaching out, confirm with your treating physician that this trial is appropriate for your situation. The trial site will then walk you through the screening process to determine final eligibility.

Is participating in a clinical trial safe?

Clinical trials in the United States are regulated by the FDA and overseen by Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) that review the protocol for safety. Risk varies by trial — Phase 1 studies test new treatments in humans for the first time, while Phase 3 trials use treatments that have already passed earlier safety screening. The informed consent document for any specific trial details the known risks and what to expect. Discuss those risks with your physician before deciding whether to participate.

Where can I verify the data on this page?

Every detail on this page comes directly from the ClinicalTrials.gov API. Click "View on ClinicalTrials.gov" in the sidebar to see the official, unmodified record. The federal record is always authoritative; this page is a structured presentation with a plain-English eligibility translation. For background on how clinical trials are regulated, see the FDA drug approval process documentation.

How This Page Is Built

Every field on this page is pulled directly from the ClinicalTrials.gov API v2 — no estimates, no proxies. The plain-English eligibility translation is generated from the original protocol text and reviewed for fidelity to the underlying clinical criteria. The original clinical text remains visible in the collapsible section above so users and clinicians can verify the translation. Read the full methodology for the data pipeline and known limitations.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov API v2 record for NCT05440422. Maintained by the National Library of Medicine at NIH. Public domain. Cite as: "TrialFinderData. NCT05440422. Data: ClinicalTrials.gov."

Medical disclaimer: This page is informational, not medical advice. Talk to your doctor about whether a clinical trial is right for you.

Last updated 2026-05-08 · Data from ClinicalTrials.gov.