Artichoke By-products Rich in Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Mediterranean Diet for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention.

Inclusion Criteria: * BMI between 25.0 and 35.0 kg/m² * HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5. * Adequate physical examination and vital signs or clinically irrelevant to the intervention (those not related to metabolic health). * Subjects must be able to understand and be willing to sign the informed consent form, and must comply with all study procedures and requirements. * Subjects must have a stable means of communication, either by email and/or telephone. Exclusion Criteria: * Weight loss of more than 5% in the last 6 months prior to surgery. * Consumption of antibiotics in the 3 months prior to the intervention. * Subjects who are undergoing treatment for weight loss/body composition modification, use medication for weight loss or blood glucose control, or have had weight loss surgery. * Have a medical diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. * History of inflammatory bowel disease and/or resection of the large or small intestine. Subjects with relevant functional or structural abnormalities of the digestive system. * Inability to follow the recommended diet or physical exercise. * Unavailability in terms of time or location to attend study visits. * Failure to sign the informed consent form. * Inability to communicate with the research team. * Endocrine-related excess weight (except for treated hypothyroidism, at least 3 months of stable treatment). * Being pregnant or planning a pregnancy during the intervention period. * Being breastfeeding. * Having an allergy to artichokes. * Severe psychiatric illnesses that have required hospitalisation in the last 6 months. * Renal failure. * Having immunodeficiency or being HIV positive. * Being treated with immunosuppressive drugs or cytotoxic agents. * High alcohol intake: more than 14 units (women) and 20 units (men) per week. * Participation in another randomised clinical trial. * Volunteers undergoing drug treatment for less than 3 months with a stable dose/stable treatment. * Taking nutritional supplements (supplements: plant derivatives, for weight loss, fibre and probiotics) unless the person is willing to stop taking them for 3 months prior to the start of the trial. * Taking nutritional supplements (supplements: plant-derived, for weight loss, fibre and probiotics) unless the person is willing to stop taking them for the 16 weeks of the study intervention and a minimum washout period of 14 days prior to baseline measurements is guaranteed. * Having donated blood in the 14 days prior to the baseline visit. * Subjects with any type of cancer or undergoing treatment for cancer, or who have not been in remission for at least 5 years. * Any other condition that may interfere with adherence to the intervention.