View original clinical language
1. For Panic Disorder (PD) Group:
\*Inclusion Criteria:
* Being between 18-65 years of age
* Having a diagnosis of panic disorder (PD) according to DSM-5-TR and having presented to the hospital with panic attack symptoms of the disorder
* Not having previously used any medication for psychiatric purposes (drug-naive)
* Not having any additional active psychiatric disorders besides PD at the current presentation
* Absence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, hepatic failure, neurological disease with cognitive impairment, acute infection, pregnancy, autoimmune disease, or cancer
* Not having taken any medication or supplements in the last month
* Completing sociodemographic and scale data fully
* Volunteering to participate in the study
For PD Group:
\*Exclusion Criteria:
• Being outside the 18-65 age range
• Not meeting the diagnostic criteria for PD according to DSM-5-TR or being in good health
• Having a history of psychiatric medication use
• Having an additional psychiatric disorder besides PD at the current application
• Presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, hepatic failure, neurological disease with cognitive impairment, acute infection, pregnancy, autoimmune disease, cancer
• Patients with a body mass index (BMI) \<18.5 kg/m² and \>29.9 kg/m²
* Taking any medication or supplement in the last month
* Incomplete completion of sociodemographic and scale data
* Not volunteering to participate in the study
2. For Healthy Control Group:
* Inclusion Criteria:
* Being between 18-65 years of age
* Not having any active psychiatric disorder
* Not having previously used any medication for psychiatric purposes (drug-naive)
* Not having hypertension, diabetes mellitus, kidney failure, liver failure, neurological disease with cognitive impairment, acute infection, pregnancy, autoimmune disease, or cancer
* Not having taken any medication or supplement in the last month
* Completing sociodemographic and scale data fully
* Volunteering to participate in the study
For Healthy Control Group:
\*Exclusion Criteria:
* Being outside the 18-65 age range
* Having any active psychiatric disorder
* Having a history of using psychiatric medication
* Having hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, hepatic failure, neurological disease with cognitive impairment, acute infection, pregnancy, autoimmune disease, or cancer
* Patients with a body mass index (BMI) \< 18.5 kg/m² and \> 29.9 kg/m²
* Taking any medication or supplement in the last month
* Incomplete completion of sociodemographic and scale data
* Not volunteering to participate in the study